The 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent stands as a monumental piece in American numismatics, captivating collectors with its unique design, limited mintage, and the controversy surrounding its release.
This article delves into the rich history, distinctive features, and the factors that have propelled this coin to attain values as high as $500,000 at auctions.
The Genesis of the 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent
In 1909, to commemorate the centennial of President Abraham Lincoln’s birth, the U.S. Mint introduced the Lincoln Wheat cent, replacing the Indian Head penny.
Renowned sculptor Victor David Brenner was commissioned for the design, which featured Lincoln’s profile on the obverse and two wheat stalks framing the inscriptions on the reverse. Brenner’s initials, “V.D.B.”, were prominently placed at the bottom center of the reverse side.
This inclusion sparked public debate over the visibility of the designer’s initials, leading to their removal shortly after the coin’s release.
As a result, the San Francisco Mint produced only 484,000 of these coins before the initials were omitted, making the 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent exceptionally rare.
Distinctive Features of the 1909-S VDB Cent
- Obverse Design: Features a right-facing portrait of Abraham Lincoln, with the inscriptions “IN GOD WE TRUST” arching above, “LIBERTY” to the left, and the year “1909” to the right.
- Reverse Design: Showcases two wheat stalks encircling the inscriptions “ONE CENT” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” with the Latin motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM” above. The initials “V.D.B.” are situated at the bottom center.
- Mint Mark: The “S” mint mark, indicating production at the San Francisco Mint, is located below the year on the obverse side.
Valuation and Auction Records
The value of the 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent varies significantly based on its condition and coloration.
Coins are graded on a scale from 1 to 70, with higher numbers denoting superior preservation.
Additionally, the coin’s coloration—Brown (BN), Red-Brown (RB), and Red (RD)—influences its desirability and value.
Notable Auction Sales:
- MS67RD Grade: In 2014, a specimen graded MS67RD (Mint State 67 Red) by Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) realized $117,500 at auction.
- MS66RD Grade: Another example, graded MS66RD, sold for $64,625 in 2019.
While these figures are impressive, reports of the coin fetching $500,000 are unsubstantiated in recent auction records.
However, the coin’s historical significance and rarity continue to make it a highly sought-after piece among collectors.
Factors Influencing the Coin’s Value
Several elements contribute to the 1909-S VDB cent’s high valuation:
- Limited Mintage: With only 484,000 coins produced before the removal of the “V.D.B.” initials, its scarcity is a primary driver of its value.
- Historical Significance: As the inaugural Lincoln Wheat cent and the subject of public controversy, it holds a unique place in U.S. numismatic history.
- Condition and Coloration: Coins in higher grades with original red luster (RD) are particularly prized.
- Market Demand: The enduring interest among collectors sustains and often elevates its market value.
Comparative Analysis of 1909 Lincoln Wheat Cent Varieties
To appreciate the uniqueness of the 1909-S VDB cent, it’s helpful to compare it with other 1909 Lincoln cent varieties:
| Variety | Mintage | Distinctive Features | Approximate Value (MS65RD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1909 VDB | 27,995,000 | “V.D.B.” initials; no mint mark | $1,000 |
| 1909-S VDB | 484,000 | “V.D.B.” initials; “S” mint mark | $100,000 |
| 1909 | 72,702,618 | No “V.D.B.”; no mint mark | $500 |
| 1909-S | 1,825,000 | No “V.D.B.”; “S” mint mark | $2,000 |
Note: Values are approximate and subject to market fluctuations.
The 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent remains a cornerstone of American coin collecting, embodying a blend of artistic merit, historical intrigue, and rarity.
Its story reflects the dynamic interplay between public opinion and coinage design, marking a pivotal moment in numismatic history.
For collectors and enthusiasts, this coin not only represents a valuable asset but also a tangible connection to the rich tapestry of America’s past.
FAQs
How can I authenticate a 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent?
Authenticity can be verified by examining the coin’s weight, dimensions, and design details. Consulting a reputable coin grading service, such as PCGS or NGC, is recommended for professional authentication.
Are there counterfeit 1909-S VDB cents in circulation?
Yes, due to its high value, counterfeit versions exist. Common forgeries include altered mint marks and added “V.D.B.” initials. Professional evaluation is essential to confirm authenticity.
What should I consider when purchasing a 1909-S VDB cent?
Assess the coin’s grade, coloration, and provenance. Ensure it has been authenticated by a reputable grading service and be cautious of deals that seem too good to be true.